Analisis Penyebab Cacat Produk Briket Menggunakan Metode Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA)

Abstract

Penelitian ini dilakukan di Rumah Briket dengan tujuan menganalisis pengaruh proses penggilingan, pencampuran (mixing), dan pengeringan terhadap tingkat kecacatan briket yang mencapai rata-rata 11,78% per tahun dan berdampak pada penurunan nilai jual produk secara signifikan. Menggunakan metodologi kuantitatif deskriptif melalui integrasi metode Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA), Fault Tree Analysis (FTA), dan Fishbone Diagram, hasil identifikasi menunjukkan bahwa risiko tertinggi (RPN 392) terjadi pada stasiun penggilingan akibat kontaminasi partikel dari kerusakan mesin disk mill, disusul risiko temperature shock pada stasiun pengeringan (RPN 320), dan masalah suhu perekat pada stasiun pencampuran (RPN 245). Berdasarkan analisis FTA dan Fishbone, akar penyebab kegagalan didominasi oleh faktor manusia terkait kesalahan operasional, faktor mesin berupa keausan komponen, faktor material akibat kurangnya inspeksi bahan baku, serta faktor lingkungan gudang yang lembab, sehingga penelitian ini merekomendasikan perbaikan sistem perawatan mesin secara rutin dan pengetatan kontrol kualitas di setiap tahapan proses guna menekan kerugian ekonomi perusahaan. This research was conducted at Rumah Briket with the aim of analyzing the influence of the grinding, mixing, and drying processes on the defect rate of briquettes, which averages 11.78% per year and significantly impacts the product's selling price. Utilizing a descriptive quantitative methodology through the integration of Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA), Fault Tree Analysis (FTA), and Fishbone Diagram, the identification results show that the highest risk (RPN 392) occurs at the grinding station due to particle contamination from disk mill machine damage, followed by temperature shock risks at the drying station (RPN 320), and adhesive temperature issues at the mixing station (RPN 245). Based on the FTA and Fishbone analysis, the root causes of failure are dominated by human factors related to operational errors, machine factors such as component wear, material factors due to lack of raw material inspection, and environmental factors like humid warehouse conditions; therefore, this study recommends improvements in routine machine maintenance systems and tightening quality control at every stage of the process to minimize the company's economic losses.